If you were lucky 74,000 years ago, you would have survived the Toba supereruption[1], one of the largest catastrophic events that Earth has seen in the past 2.5 million years.

While the volcano is located in what’s now Indonesia, living organisms across

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For athletes across all sports, few experiences are as agonizing as being forced to leave competition with a sudden muscle cramp. These painful, uncontrolled spasms – formally known as exercise-associated muscle cramps[1] – have frustrated athletes, coaches

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Finding life beyond the Earth would be a major scientific discovery with significant implications for all areas of science and human thought. Yet, only one direct search for extraterrestrial life has ever been conducted.

A poster showing the Viking craft parachuting to the Martian surface.
The Viking missions landed on

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Even if you don’t recall many facts from high school biology, you likely remember the cells required for making babies: egg and sperm. Maybe you can picture a swarm of sperm cells battling each other in a race to be the first to penetrate the egg.

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photo-realistic illustration of a small girl in a life vest in a boat clutching a puppy

You’ve probably encountered images in your social media feeds that look like a cross between photographs and computer-generated graphics. Some are fantastical – think Shrimp Jesus[1] – and some are believable at a quick glance – remember the little

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