Wild animals can experience trauma and adversity too − as ecologists, we came up with an index to track how it affects them

Psychologists know that childhood trauma, or the experience of harmful or adverse events, can have lasting repercussions^[1] on the health and well-being of people well into adulthood. But while the consequences of early adversity have been well researched in humans^[2], people aren’t the only ones who can experience adversity.

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Authors: Staff

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