Separating molecules is critical to producing many essential products. For example, in petroleum refining[1], the hydrocarbons – chemical compounds composed of hydrogens and carbons – in crude oil are separated into gasoline, diesel and lubricants by sorting them based on their molecular size, shape and weight. In the pharmaceutical industry[2], the active ingredients in medications are purified by separating drug molecules from the enzymes, solutions and other components used to make them.

Read more …Separating molecules is a highly energy-intensive but essential part of drug development,...

For approximately 80% of the world’s population[1], the first stop after catching a cold or breaking a bone isn’t the hospital — maybe because there isn’t one nearby, or they can’t afford it. Instead, the first step is consulting traditional medicine, which cultures around the world have been using for thousands of years.

Read more …Traditional medicine provides health care to many around the globe – the WHO is trying to make it...

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Are democratic societies ready for a future in which AI algorithmically assigns limited supplies[1] of respirators or hospital beds during pandemics? Or one in which AI fuels an arms race[2] between disinformation creation and detection? Or sways court decisions with amicus briefs written to mimic the rhetorical and argumentative styles of Supreme Court justices?

Read more …Experts alone can't handle AI – social scientists explain why the public needs a seat at the table

Heart in your throat. Butterflies in your stomach. Bad gut feeling. These are all phrases many people use to describe fear and anxiety. You have likely felt anxiety inside your chest or stomach, and your brain usually doesn’t hurt when you’re scared. Many cultures tie cowardice and bravery more to the heart[1] or the guts[2] than to the brain.

Read more …If anxiety is in my brain, why is my heart pounding? A psychiatrist explains the neuroscience and...

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